
By Michael C. Pirrung
Hello, in the event you don't desire to die acting a response you might have examine in undergrad, it is most likely a good suggestion to get this ebook first! After years of expertise you are going to name it foolish yet for rookies its nice!
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Additional info for The Synthetic Organic Chemist's Companion
Example text
3 A glass-encapsulated magnetic stir bar. 28 reactions on a small scale—1 to 25 mmol closer to the bottom of the flask, using a stirrer with a stronger magnet, or using a larger stir bar. The magnetic stirrers with strong and weak magnets are often well known to all the chemists in the lab. Magnetic stirring may fail completely for reaction mixtures that are viscous, in which precipitation occurs, or that have larger reaction volumes. In such cases mechanical stirring may be required. A glass rod with paddles on its end is inserted through a bearing (oiled with mineral oil) in a ground glass joint (Fig.
It has a sensor that clamps onto a mercury thermometer to measure the mercury level, and turns the heat on and off as needed to maintain the level and therefore the temperature. Of course, this cycling can result in drifting of the bath temperature by ±10°C. When filling an oil bath, be sure to take into account the volume displaced by the flask and volume expansion upon heating. 4 A THERM-O-WATCH monitors the temperature via a sensor placed on a mercury thermometer and controls the power being delivered to a heating device to maintain a constant temperature.
This friction seal is fine to contain gases but still does not prevent pressure pulses from firing the serum stopper off the flask. Reagents can be added as a solution via a syringe and needle through the serum stopper. Serum stoppers cannot tolerate a great deal of heat, and are not usually dried before use. As organic polymers they are also not very hydrophilic, so the amount of water introduced into reactions by serum stoppers is relatively small, and can only affect small-scale reactions. Serum stoppers can be dramatically swollen by organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene, or dichloromethane.