By Christopher Hood
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Extra info for The Politics of Public Service Bargains: Reward, Competency, Loyalty - and Blame
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2 . W H Y T RU S T E E B A RG A I N S ? It is not diYcult to see why ‘trusteeship’ might have Wgured prominently in PSBs in pre-democratic and colonial settings. They echo visions of ‘enlightened absolutist’ monarchy and aristocracy as ‘servants of the people’ in the vein of the Prussian king Frederick II (Frederick the Great, who reigned from 1740 to 1786), who saw his role as that of ‘Wrst servant of the state’ (see Johnson 1975). But on the face of it there is something of a puzzle as to why anything approximating to a ‘trustee’ PSB should survive into an era of egalitarianism and democracy.
12 Largely descended from indentured labourers brought over from East India to work in the plantations after the freeing of the slaves in the early nineteenth century. 38 Trustee-Type Public Service Bargains ideal representational form, tutelary trustee bargains reXect an understanding that public servants should be far from representative of the wider society, or even of some favoured group within it. Instead, the understanding behind the bargain is that public servants comprise exceptional and unusual individuals who exercise a trusteeship role on behalf of society at large.
T H E P E RVA S I V E A NA LY T I C L A N G UAG E O F P R I N C I PA L A N D AG E N T— A N D T H E Q U E S T I O N S I T B E G S Rational choice theorists transformed the language—if not necessarily the substance—of bureaucracy theory in the 1970s and 1980s by introducing the terminology of ‘principal’ and ‘agent’. 1 The notion was popularized by the 1980s British sitcom Yes, Minister, in which devious civil servants sought to outwit and outmanoeuvre their often inept ministers. 3 1 The landmark contribution is William Niskanen’s (1971) much-cited analysis, and since then a massive literature on the subject of ‘agency costs’ has developed.