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By Iona Man-Cheong
The category of 1761 finds the workings of China's imperial exam process from the original viewpoint of a unmarried graduating type. the writer follows the scholars' struggles in negotiating the exam procedure besides bureaucratic intrigue and highbrow clash, in addition to their careers around the Empire—to the battlefields of imperial enlargement in Annam and Tibet, the records the place the glories of the empire have been compiled, and again to the chambers the place they in flip turned examiners for the subsequent new release of aspirants.The ebook explores the pains and flexibilities of the exam procedure because it disciplined males for political lifestyles and indicates how the approach legitimated either the Manchu throne and the bulk non-Manchu elite. within the system's intricately articulated networks, we determine the steadiness of the Qing empire and the fault strains that may develop to destabilize it.
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Additional info for The Class of 1761: Examinations, State, and Elites in Eighteenth-Century China
Sample text
All those planning to take the provincial examination were obliged to participate. It was usually given the year after the annual examination and the year before the provincial competition. 16 The examination itself was held in three sessions and covered the usual material. Those ranked into passing grades—all students of stipend, additional, and appended status who had placed in the top two grades, plus the five to ten highest in the third grade—were allowed to take the provincial examination proper.
He became provincial governor and specialized in philological studies, compiling a much-referenced work titled Xiao xue. 31 The main goal for examination-takers at all levels of the system was undoubtedly administrative appointment. The examination system rested on an ideological foundation of meritocracy. Even so, the ranking of candidates, usually into three to five classes and numerically within those categories, seems as arbitrarily linked to subsequent appointment to office as does any favor gained from connection, though disjunctions between ranking and appointment seemed not to be questioned and were often less obvious to the naked eye than the use of favor and connection.
Perhaps most important, the palace examination determined the final ranking of the graduates, and these results were quite literally carved onto stone, on the stele of successful metropolitan graduates (jinshi timing beilu). Rising through the examination hierarchy, and to some extent transcending the variations in their regional provenance, groups of candidates were, by the time they reached the metropolitan level, shaped into a coherent group. By the end, most could call themselves members of a single class or cohort who, finally promoted by the emperor himself in the palace examination, were thus even more bound and indebted to him as well as to each other.