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By Hans Bielenstein
This can be a entire and completely documented learn of chinese language paperwork in the course of the Han interval, whilst a number of the easy strains of chinese language govt perform have been laid down. it's also extra designated and wider in scope than comparable works on different sessions of chinese language historical past. The e-book covers the time from 202 BC to advert nine and from advert 25 to 189, analysing and describing the vital and native administrations, the military, legit salaries, civil provider recruitment and gear in executive. Professor Bielenstein interprets all chinese language reputable titles and contains alphabetical lists of those titles with their English and chinese language equivalents. therefore his e-book will serve either as an outline for the names of workplaces at each point of presidency. The ebook should be of curiosity to all students of chinese language background, in addition to to specialists in different fields of institutional background, govt and political technological know-how.
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Instead of fou r Referees, a single Referee ofthe Left (tso-p'ing) was kept, still ranking 600 shih. He was in charge of trials in the Imperial Prison (Chao-yu ) under the Commandant of Justice (HHS chih 25:I Oa). This was the only prison of that ministry (HHS chih 25 : l Ob ). 46 27 Accessory [Clerks] (tso [-shih] ) , 30 Acting Accessory [aerks] (chia-tso [-shih] ) , 26 Mounted Officials (chi-Ii), and I Official Physician (kuan-yi) (Han kuan 46: 5a). There can be no doubt that the subordinates of the Commandant of Justice , as in Former Han times, were organized into Bureaus (ts'ao), but nothing is said about them in the sources.
C . (HS 19A: 1 3 a- 1 3b). The Later Han used the title of Commandant of Justice exclusively. The Commandant of Justice was the chief interpreter of the law. He ruled on dubious cases referred to him. He was the chief judge in all trials conducted in the Imperial Prison (Chao-yu) attached to his ministry (HS 19 A: 1 3a; HHS chih 2 5 : 1 Oa), and he participated through subordinates in some of the trials held by local administrators. He also was in charge of the standards for linear measures (HS 2 1 A : 1 7a).
If deserving, the Gentlemen could advance through the ranks from Equivalent to 200 shih to Equivalent to 600 shih (HHS chih 25:5a). According to Hsiin Ch'o (ft. 3073 1 2), the position of Gentleman Rapid as Tigers was hereditary and handed down from father to son. 107 The numerical strength of the Gentlemen Rapid as Tigers was 1 500 men (Han-kuan tien-chih yi-shih hsUan-yung Ib;Han-kuan yi A:13 a). g. HHS 5 :3b). They were commanded by the General of the Gentlemen-ofthe-Household of the Feathered Forest (yii-lin chung-lang chiang), ranking Equivalent to 2000 shih, but no longer by the Chief Commandant of Cavalry.