
By Yvonne Rydin
The British making plans approach presents an leading edge advent to city and environmental making plans combining accomplished insurance of associations and systems with unique research of the industrial and political context of making plans, its historic improvement and of competing theoretical ways. large use is made all through of case experiences, precis charts and shows to deliver the topic to lifestyles. The publication concludes with an overview of the achievements and screw ups of British making plans and the case for making plans job this present day.
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Extra resources for The British Planning System: An Introduction
Sample text
Certain notable individuals assumed responsibility for improving living conditions for their workforce through the development of model towns, for example, Salt at Saltaire (1853), Lever at Port Sunlight (1887), and Cadbury at Bournville (1878). In each case considerable emphasis was given to providing housing which promoted clean, sanitary and healthy living. The idea of a pleasant, self-contained environment providing for work and leisure proved a powerful one. By the end of the century, this idea had been given its fullest expression in the 1898 tract by Ebenezer Howard, A Peaceful Path to Social Reform, whose title told of the perceived link between the threat of revolutionary change and planning activity.
The towns and cities grew at an unprecedented rate as people moved from rural to urban areas. Between 1821 and 1851 alone some 4 million people migrated to the towns and by 1851 some 50 per cent of the population was urban in residence. The resultant urban squalor is well documented, most famously in Engels' Conditions of the English Working Class (1845 German edn, 1892 English edn). Conditions for the average family were cramped, damp and insanitary. Along with an inadequate diet, this resulted in high mortality rates and a weak and unhealthy working class population.
Whereas the war of 1914-18 had been supplied by entrepreneurs operating in a relatively free market, the war of 193945 was public sector directed. The level of government involvement in the details of civil and military preparation for war was unprecedented. At the same time, mobilisation, evacuation of the cities and other population movement placed different social groups from different parts of the country in contact with each other, often for the first time. 3). D Problems and policies The severe unemployment of the interwar years, concentrated as it was in particular regions in the North, created the impetus for regionallybased incentives to industrial activity.