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By Pippa Norris
Proposals for power-sharing constitutions stay debatable, as highlighted through present debates in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Sudan. This publication updates and refines the speculation of consociationalism, taking account of the flood of latest strategies in power-sharing associations that experience happened around the world. The publication classifies and compares 4 varieties of political associations: the electoral method, parliamentary or presidential executives, unitary or federal states, and the constitution and independence of the mass media. The examine checks the aptitude benefits and downsides of every of those associations for democratic governance. Cross-national time-series facts touching on tendencies in democracy are analyzed for all nations world wide because the early Nineteen Seventies. Chapters are enriched by means of evaluating exact case reports. The mixed-method learn layout illuminates the underlying causal mechanisms via reading historic advancements and approaches of institutional switch inside specific international locations and areas. the realization attracts jointly the implications and the sensible classes for policymakers.
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Extra info for Driving Democracy: Do Power-Sharing Institutions Work?
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In regarding institutions as providing durable constraints on political actors, the precise timing of any rule changes must be carefully monitored. The adoption and effective workings of power-sharing regimes can be the product of a more democratic culture and society, as well as its endogenous cause. 55 Some constitutional rules prove sticky; others prove malleable. Disentangling the direction of causality needs close attention to tracing step-by-step developments and ‘before-and-after’ natural experiments in regime change.
84 PR electoral systems, in particular, lower the vote threshold to electoral office; as a result parties and politicians may be returned to power on the basis of electoral support from one religious or linguistic minority community, rather than having to appeal to many segments of the broader electorate. By contrast, Horowitz theorizes that the higher vote thresholds characteristic of electoral rules where the winner needs to gain an absolute majority of the vote (50% + 1) give politicians and parties a strong incentive to seek popular support (vote-pooling) across groups.
Of course, there are many reasons to be cautious, and indeed skeptical, before accepting this potential explanation. In regarding institutions as providing durable constraints on political actors, the precise timing of any rule changes must be carefully monitored. The adoption and effective workings of power-sharing regimes can be the product of a more democratic culture and society, as well as its endogenous cause. 55 Some constitutional rules prove sticky; others prove malleable. Disentangling the direction of causality needs close attention to tracing step-by-step developments and ‘before-and-after’ natural experiments in regime change.