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By Helena K. Rene
In the course of China's Cultural Revolution, Chairman Mao Zedong's "rustication software" resettled 17 million city youths, often called "sent downs," to the nation-state for handbook exertions and socialist reeducation. This publication, the main complete research of this system to be released in both English or chinese language thus far, examines the mechanisms and dynamics of country craft in China, from the rustication program's inception in 1968 to its respectable termination in 1980 and genuine of completion within the 1990s.
Rustication, within the ideology of Mao's peasant-based revolution, shaped a severe part of the Cultural Revolution's higher assault on bureaucrats, capitalists, the intelligentsia, and "degenerative" city lifestyles. This publication assesses the program's origins, improvement, association, implementation, functionality, and public administrative outcomes. It was once the defining adventure for plenty of chinese language born among 1949 and 1962, and plenty of of China's modern leaders went in the course of the rustication program.
The writer explains the lasting impression of the rustication software on China's modern administrative tradition, for instance, displaying how and why forms endured or even grew better in the course of the wrenching chaos of the Cultural Revolution. She additionally specializes in the detailed problems lady sent-downs confronted when it comes to paintings, pressures to marry neighborhood peasants, and sexual harassment, predation, and violence. The author's mom and dad have been either despatched downs, and she or he was once capable of interview over fifty former despatched downs from round the kingdom, anything by no means formerly finished.
China's Sent-Down Generation demonstrates the rustication program's profound long term outcomes for China's paperwork, for the unfold of corruption, and for the households traumatized by way of this authoritarian social test. The ebook will attract lecturers, graduate and undergraduate scholars in public management and China stories courses, and people who have an interest in China's Cultural Revolution period.
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Extra info for China’s Sent-Down Generation: Public Administration and the Legacies of Mao’s Rustication Program
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Mao’s Antibureaucratic Ethos In the context of the CCP’s efforts to develop China economically, commitment to the mass line opposes top-down decision making by educated public administrators and technocrats in isolation from the masses. Rather, the economists, engineers, agronomists, enterprise managers, and other technically trained government and party personnel must be highly responsive to the masses, essentially merge with them, and be completely in their service. The mass line “envisions the opinions, needs and ideas of ordinary people being communicated up the party structure to the central level, where policy is formulated” and is then, in turn, communicated downward through all levels for administrative implementation (Latham 2007, 36).
Later Peng penned a personal letter to Mao condemning the Maoist Marxians as responsible for the economic catastrophes brought forth by the Great Leap Forward. In July the Peng–Mao confrontation proceeded into the Eighth Plenum of the Central Committee in Lushan where Mao accused Peng of engaging in a conspiracy with Soviet general secretary Nikita Khrushchev. Mao also retaliated against his critics by threatening to form and lead a new peasant-based army to take control of the party-state if his policies were dismantled (Meisner 1999, 232).
Upon hearing such news, everyone participated in backyard steel production and stopped their agricultural work. .