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By Bernhard Preim
Visualization in drugs is the 1st booklet on visualization and its software to difficulties in clinical analysis, schooling, and therapy. The e-book describes the algorithms, the purposes and their validation (how trustworthy are the results?), and the medical review of the purposes (are the thoughts useful?). It discusses visualization ideas from examine literature in addition to the compromises required to unravel sensible scientific difficulties. The booklet covers photograph acquisition, picture research, and interplay concepts designed to discover and learn the knowledge. the ultimate bankruptcy exhibits how visualization is used for making plans liver surgical procedure, essentially the most not easy surgical disciplines. The booklet is predicated on numerous years of the authors' instructing and examine event. either authors have initiated and lead a number of interdisciplinary tasks regarding desktop scientists and doctors, basically radiologists and surgeons. * A center box of visualization and pics lacking a committed e-book in the past * Written through pioneers within the box and illustrated in complete colour * Covers thought in addition to perform
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Extra resources for Visualization in medicine. Theory, algorithms, and applications
Example text
As an example, we briefly look at colonoscopy, a screening procedure to detect colon cancer at an early stage or even before a lesion has converted to a malignant cancer. In this process, based on CT or MRI data and an appropriate contrast agent, polyps are searched for so that polyps that exceed a certain size can be removed. The procedure is laborious and cumbersome for the patient, because the colon lumen must be cleaned beforehand in order to avoid interpreting residual material as a colonic mass, a polyp.
2 UNDERSAMPLING AND ALIASING Aliasing is a phenomenon that is directly related to sampling. Essentially, it is caused by an incorrectly reconstructed signal, due to insufficient sampling. Therefore, the signal is mistaken for another signal, its alias. 8 −1 Sine-function is sampled (arrows) at Nyquist rate. Left: Sampling at optimal position (detects peaks and valleys); right: Sampling phase shift—only a constant (zero) amplitude is sampled. 20 C H A P T E R 02. , when looking through two fences while we are moving.
1 (left) displays the 2D image grid arrangement. Volumetric data combine individual images into a 3D representation on a 3D grid (see Fig. 1 (right)). The data elements are now called voxels (volume elements), and they are located on the grid points. In addition to the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) dimensions, we now also have a dimension representing the depth (z). The distance between two neighboring images (slices) is called slice distance. The three distances in every direction are also called voxel spacing.