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By Donald R. Kelley
The issues, reasons and techniques of background writing were the topic of assorted debate for nearly 3 millennia. This booklet is a set of perspectives on various primary historic questions via Western historians from early Greece to the top of the 18th century.
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Additional info for Versions of History from Antiquity to the Enlightenment
Sample text
But as want of money proved the weakness of earlier expeditions, so from the same cause even the one in question, more famous than its predecessors, may be pronounced on the evidence of what it effected to have been inferior to its renown and to the current opinion about it formed under the tuition of the poets. Even after the Trojan War Hellas was still engaged in removing and settling, and thus could not attain to the quiet which must precede growth. The late return of the Hellenes from Ilium caused many revolutions, and factions ensued almost everywhere; and it was the citizens thus driven into exile who founded the cities.
Like many of his successors, Thucydides was more prescriptive than descriptive; hence the attraction of his work to readers who demand relevance and some immediately intelligible reasons for historical change and who prefer a man of action. Thucydides, an Athenian, wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, beginning at the moment that it broke out, and believing that it would be a great war, and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it. This belief was not without its grounds.
I therefore will attempt to give a short summary of the theory, as far as I consider it to apply to the actual history of facts and to appeal to the common intelligence of mankind. For if there appear to be certain omissions in my general exposition of it, the detailed discussion which follows will afford the reader ample compensation for any difficulties now left unsolved. What then are the beginnings I speak of and what is the first origin of political societies? When owing to floods, famines, 'failure of crops or other such causes there occurs such a destruction of the human race as tradition tells us has more than once happened, and as we must believe will often happen again, all arts and crafts perishing at the same time, then in the course of time, when springing from the survivors as from seeds men have again increased in numbers and just like other animals form herds-it being a matter of course that they too should herd together with those of their kind owing to their natural weakness-it is a necessary consequence that the man who excels in bodily strength and in courage will lead and rule over the rest.