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By Tero T. Heikkilä
Advances in nanotechnology have allowed physicists and engineers to miniaturize digital buildings to the restrict the place finite-size comparable phenomena begin to impression their houses. This ebook discusses such phenomena and types made for his or her description. The ebook starts off from the semiclassical description of nonequilibrium results, information the scattering thought used for quantum delivery calculations, and explains the most interference results. It additionally describes
how to regard fluctuations and correlations, how interactions have an effect on delivery via small islands, and the way superconductivity modifies those results. The final chapters describe new rising fields comparable with graphene and nanoelectromechanics. the point of interest of the ebook is at the phenomena rather
than formalism, however the ebook nonetheless explains intimately the most types built for those phenomena. It additionally introduces a few digital units, together with the single-electron transistor, the superconducting tunnel junction fridge, and the superconducting quantum bit.
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Additional resources for The Physics of Nanoelectronics: Transport and Fluctuation Phenomena at Low Temperatures
Sample text
The essential steps in the scattering theory is to identify the scattering states inside the reservoirs, define the scattering matrix connecting the amplitudes of these scattering states via a scattering region under interest, and connect the properties of these scattering states to the current flowing through the scattering region. Below we go through these steps, although the rigorous definition of the scattering matrix is done only after the connection of the transmission probabilities to the current is made.
1997) to measure the non-equilibrium distribution function by placing a superconducting tunnel contact into a small normal-metal wire Fig. 10 Measurement of the non-equilibrium electron distribution function fnt in a carbon nanotube, following the pioneering experiment by Pothier et al. (1997) made on metal wires. Top: Scanning electron micrograph of the setup, containing a single-walled nanotube placed between Cr/Au contacts, and a superconducting (Pb) tunnel probe, along with the measurement setup.
64a). 18) where kF is the Fermi wave vector and λF = 2π/kF is the Fermi wavelength. This is the number of momentum states inside a spherical Fermi surface of radius pF . The volume V should be chosen as the size of a wave packet ∼ λF in the z-direction times the cross-section A of the wire. In a metal, the typical λF is of the order of a few ˚ Angstr¨ om, and thus a 100 nm × 100 nm contact has some hundred thousand modes, indicating a contact resistance of the order of 100 mΩ, much smaller than that related to impurity scattering inside metal wires.