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By Horst H. Freyhofer
Following global battle II, the yankee army Tribunal indicted twenty- 3 Nazi medical professionals and directors for acting agonizing and sometimes deadly experiments on helpless focus camp inmates. utilizing essentially court docket files, this publication makes an attempt to resolution the subsequent salient questions: what kind of clinical experiments did the Nazi medical professionals practice? Who have been their sufferers, and what was once their destiny? What, if any, have been the scientific effects? What felony fees have been introduced opposed to the medical professionals, and what used to be their safeguard? Who have been the witnesses? Did the defendants try and reconcile their brutal acts with the Hippocratic Code by no means to do damage, or have been they with out any scientific ethics? Did they represent dishonorable exceptions to a principled German clinical occupation, or have been they symptomatic of a extra frequent put out of your mind for standard scientific ethics? In attempting to solution those questions, Horst H. Freyhofer provides the reader the chance to stick to the exchanges among prosecutors and defendants in addition to the ultimate reasoning of the court docket.
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The “refinements” obviously were not completed in time to consider the method’s implementation. Hence, radiation came to be the favored method. Experiments in Auschwitz had shown that subjecting testicles for two minutes to a dose of 36 The Nuremberg Medical Trial 500–600 r and ovaries for three minutes to 300–350 r would permanently destroy their ability to produce ova and sperms. Substantial burns to the radiated areas were not considered a serious problem. The subsequent removal of the subjects’ ovaries and testicles to determine the extent of the damage led to some infections, which not everyone survived.
Some of the findings where in accord with known facts, none added to scientific knowledge of the subject, so that their real contribution was nil. The bacteriological researches were extensive. . ”55 The two medical experts for the prosecution, Leo Alexander and Andrew Ivy of the United States, concurred. ”56 This did not mean that the records were not searched further for possible useful information, or that none was found. 57 None of the physicians who had performed the Dachau freezing experiments were alive or available at the time of the trial, but some who had performed the high-altitude and seawater experiments were.
The greater the threat to the community, the greater the espousal of those values. The Italian Fascisti found their identity in the glory that was Rome, the Spanish Falange in the spirit of the crusaders, and the German National Socialists in the heroism of the Nordic race. Such heroism ultimately was invoked to awaken all Nordic people, particularly those living within the confining borders of the German state, to the dangers to their race and their intrinsic powers to overcome them. The dangers were identified as the excessive commercial spirit of liberalism, which reduced all values to the prize they would bring at the market, and the leveling egalitarian spirit of socialism, which reduced all values to material processes.