The Middle East: A Guide to Politics, Economics, Society, by Barry Rubin

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By Barry Rubin

Barry Rubin (ed.)

The heart East is still a space of surpassing curiosity and value in worldwide affairs this present day, leading to a relentless move of media recognition and in-depth educational scrutiny. regrettably, this has bring about many misperceptions in regards to the zone, its humans, and their methods of lifestyles. This designated two-volume set is helping make clear the region's complicated heritage and ongoing problems--and to right a few of the misperceptions--by exploring seven parts of overarching importance. instead of specialise in particular conflicts, this paintings bargains in particular with the wider problems with tradition, faith, ladies, economics, governance, and media, in addition to the position that the region's smooth heritage has performed in shaping the methods of existence, values, and worldviews of its peoples.

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This has allowed the Saudi kings to set themselves up as the highest authority, subject only to Islamic law and thus beyond the demands of the citizens. In order 1 6 P o l i t ic s o f G ov e r n i n g i n t h e M i d d l e Ea s t to retain Islam as the key legitimating factor for their absolutist rule, the monarchy has also created a series of institutions to underline its claim to religious-political authority. A religious police force (the mutawwa’in), part of the Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, a government agency, enforces the social laws of shariah.

In addition, the radical-nationalists publicly committed to providing employment for university graduates, as well as price controls and subsidies for staple items (such as basic foodstuffs). Land Reform The other major development fostered by Arab socialism was land reform. Agriculture had long been a mainstay of most of the Arab states. Indeed, the Fertile Crescent (stretching from Egypt to Iraq and back through Syria and Lebanon) was so named because of its rich land and agricultural capacity.

There was much corruption and misrule in these systems. Political power and control over the economy were shared by the royal houses (particularly in Egypt, Iraq, and Libya) and the notables 18 T h e Ri s e o f t h e Ra d ica l- Nat i o n a l i s t R e gim e s 1 9 who lived in the urban areas—the landowning elites who owned much of the production of agricultural goods. These elites were subject to the interventions of the British and French, but otherwise they dominated the political processes in their countries.

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