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By G. Rex Smith
This quantity covers the years 21-23/641-43 of the caliphate of 'Umar b. al-Khattab. it may be divided into targeted and virtually equivalent components: the 1st about the Muslim conquests in Iran and the east, and the second one referring to 'Umar himself, his assassination, and an evaluate of the caliph and the man.
The quantity starts with the caliphal order to the Muslim troops, lately effective on the recognized conflict of Nihawand in 21/641, to penetrate farther into infidel lands within the east. The could of the Persian empire were damaged, and a golden chance provided itself to the Muslim group to extend its territories. The territorial earnings hence accomplished are acknowledged during this quantity. relocating out of the garrison cities of al-Kufah and al-Basrah, the Muslim forces' conquests of Isfahan, Hamadhan, al-Rayy, Qumis, Jurjan, Tabaristan, Azerbaijan, Khurasan, components of Fars province, Kirman, Sijistan and Makran so far as the Indus, are all defined in those pages.
Contained in those debts of far-reaching conquests are the peace records, that are of substantial ancient value. they're mostly the records issued by means of the positive Muslim commanders at the flooring to the subjugated neighborhood population, laying out in targeted phrases the duties of the latter towards their Muslim conquerors in go back for secure conduct.
Leaving the Muslim forces at the financial institution of the Indus, Tabari switches his account to Medina, the place in 23/643 'Umar b. al-Khattab was once assassinated via a Christian slave. After complete money owed of this deed, the reader is supplied with info of the caliph's family tree, his actual description, his delivery date and age, the names of his teenagers and better halves, and the time period he was once a Muslim. A long part follows, within which the deeds of 'Umar are stated in anecdotal shape. There also are quotations from his addresses to his humans and a few poetic eulogies addressed to him.
The quantity ends with 'Umar's appointment of the electoral council, 5 senior figures within the Islamic group, to settle on his successor, and the interesting and traditionally enormously vital account of the workings of the council with the entire reduce and thrust of discussion and the politicking backstage. therefore used to be 'Uthman b. 'Affan appointed to be successful 'Umar.
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Extra resources for The History of al-Ṭabarī, Vol. 14: The Conquest of Iran A.D. 641-643/A.H. 21-23
Example text
164. An unidentified narrator. i65. See Baladhuri, Putnh, 334ff. i66. v . "Mazyar " (Minorsky). Jilin was a small province at the west end of the southern Caspian shore . See Yaqut, Mulam, 11, zo1 ; Le Strange, Lands, 172 and Map 5, opposite i85. The Events of the Year zz 31 on the borders of your territory. You will harbor nobody or nothing we are seeking and you will insure yourself (against military action against you) by [paying] anyone governing your border territory 5oo,ooo dirhams, those (in use) in your territory.
If anyone reneges, he will not [be covered by] any agreement, nor will he who does not hand him over. He wrote [the document] and it was witnessed. The Conquest of Qumis'5° They reported [also): When Nu' aym wrote of the conquest of alRayy, (despatching the news] with al -Mudirib al-'Ijli, and when he submitted the fifths [of booty for the state treasury ), 'Umar replied to him that he should send Suwayd b. Mugarrin in advance to Qumis, posting in charge of his vanguard Simik b. Makhramah, of his flanks 'Utaybah b.
It should be noted, however, that here both terms are to be found in the same paragraph (and are perhaps not synonymous at all) and that , when it comes to the actual document, only jizyah is used. Here, however, Suwayd not only collected the khardj, but also busied himself with the assessment of the frontier regions (furuj) of jurjan, as if for the purpose of levying some sort of tax based on the land. v. "djizya" and "kharadj" (Cahen)s Ben Shemesh, Taxation, r9-zo. - -" 1S9. An area to the north of jurjan is clearly meant here, although the name is given several locations in Yaqut .