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By Reuven Amitai-Preiss
For sixty years, from 1260 to 1323, the Mamluk nation in Egypt and Syria used to be at struggle with the Ilkhanid Mongols established in Persia. this is often the 1st accomplished examine of the political and army facets of the early years of the struggle, from the conflict of 'Ayn Jalut in 1260 to the conflict of Homs in 1281. In among those campaigns, the Mamluk-Ilkhanid fight was once endured within the demeanour of a 'cold struggle' with each side keen on border skirmishes, diplomatic manoeuvres, and espionage. the following, as within the significant battles, the Mamluks frequently maintained the higher hand, setting up themselves because the finest Muslim strength on the time. via drawing on formerly untapped Persian and Arabic resources, the writer sheds new gentle at the disagreement, reading the conflict in the context of Mongol/Mamluk family with the Byzantine Empire, the Latin West and the Crusading states.
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Extra info for Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Īlkhānid War, 1260-1281
Example text
These were also absorbed by al-Nasir Yusuf when he gained control of Damascus. The last prince of Banias, al-Sacid Hasan, was still alive and languishing in prison in the fortress of al-Blra on the Euphrates. We are to meet him again in the service of the Mongols. Likewise, the former prince of Horns, al-Ashraf Musa b. al-Mansur Ibrahim, deposed by al-Nasir Yusuf in 646/1248 and given the very minor principality of Tall Bashir instead, was also to throw in his lot with the Mongols. In fact, after 651 / 1253-4, out of hatred for al-Nasir Yusuf, al-Ashraf was corresponding with the Mongols.
Vatican, fol. 218b; Maqrlzi, 1:415-16. A parallel letter, with both similar and convergent parts, is found in SuyutI, 315 ( = tr. " See also W. Brinner, "Some Ayyubid and Mamluk Documents from Non-archival Sources," IOS 2 (1972): 121. Ibn Shaddad, Alaq, 3:491-9. For a discussion and partial translation of this passage, see Amitai-Preiss, "Evidence," 354-7; see also Y. Koch, " c Izz al-Dln ibn Shaddad and his Biography of Baybars," Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale 43 (1983):251 and n.
They were subsequently all killed. 56 His letters to the premier Syrian prince, al-Nasir Ytisuf (see below), and his subsequent letter to Sultan Qutuz of Egypt give additional proof that his sights were set on these countries. 57 Why he waited a year and a half before setting off again on the offensive is unknown, but by the end of the summer of 657/1259 Hiilegii rode out from Azerbaijan. Before moving onto Syria, he tarried in the Jazlra, putting most of it under his direct control by the end of the year, with the exception of Mayyafariqin, which was to hold out until the spring of 658/1260.