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By John N. Abelson, Melvin I. Simon, Alfred H. Merrill Jr., Yusuf A. Hannun
Sphingolipids are present in all eukaryotic and in a few prokaryotic organisms and supply constitution for mobilephone membranes, lipoproteins, and different organic fabrics in addition to perform the law of telephone development, differentiation, and various telephone features, together with cell-cell conversation, cell-substratum interactions, and intracellular sign transduction. This quantity offers tools utilized in learning enzymes of sphingolipid biosynthesis and turnover, together with inhibitors of a few of those enzymes, genetic techniques, and natural and enzymatic syntheses of sphingolipids and analogs. Its spouse Volume 312 will include details on interpreting sphingolipids, sphingolipid shipping and trafficking, and sphingolipid-protein interactions and mobile targets.
The significantly acclaimed laboratory typical for greater than 40 years, Methods in Enzymology is among the so much hugely revered courses within the box of biochemistry. when you consider that 1955, every one quantity has been eagerly awaited, often consulted, and praised by means of researchers and reviewers alike. Now with greater than three hundred volumes (all of them nonetheless in print), the sequence includes a lot fabric nonetheless appropriate today--truly an important ebook for researchers in all fields of lifestyles sciences
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Additional resources for Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling Part A
Example text
GRILLEY and JON Y. TAKEMOTO Introduction Most of the sphingolipids of fungi and plants contain phytosphingosine (or 4-hydroxysphinganine) as the sphingoid long chain base backbone. 1 Although sphingosine predominates in the sphingolipids of animal cells, a significant portion with the 4-hydroxylated long chain base occurs in epithe1 R. L. Lester and R. C. Dickson, Adv. Lipid Res. 26, 253 (1993). METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, VOL. 311 Copyright © 1999by AcademicPress All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
2°,21 T h e intracellular trafficking of ceramide has mostly b e e n studied with fluorescent sphingolipids 22 and appears to be sensitive to the stereochemistry of the sphingoid base. 23 I n h i b i t o r s of C e r a m i d e S y n t h a s e C e r a m i d e synthase is inhibited by a variety of microbial s e c o n d a r y metabolites, including fumonisins (the m o s t prevalent of which is fumonisin B1, FB1), 24 A l t e r n a r i a toxins, 25 and australifungins. 26 FB 1 has b e e n studied the most extensively because it is responsible for a n u m b e r of diseases of veterinary animals and h u m a n s 27 and is commercially available for use to manipulate sphingolipid m e t a b o l i s m by cells in culture.
1. Substrate and product of the in vitro dihydroceramide desaturase assay. Dihydroceramide desaturase was assayed as described in the text using C18/C8-H2Cer as the lipid substrate and intact rat liver microsomes (lane 1) or heat-inactivated microsomes (10 min, 95 °, lane 2) as the enzyme source. The lipids were extacted and separated as described. Radioactive spots were visualized by autoradiography. The structures of C18/C8-H2Cer (substrate) and C18/C8-Cer (product) are shown on the right side.