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Sample text
If a small band is considered, this band has a high DOS. However, a broad band with distribution of the same number of orbitals over a larger energy interval has a lower DOS. But the DOS differs even within a band. 18 the DOS increases at the bottom and top of the band. 20). 4 Filling up with electrons; Fermi energy The orbitals are defined as the energy levels of electrons in a solid. This is independent of the number of electrons. To construct an orbital diagram the electrons must be filled into the orbitals.
Qxd 28 11/2/2007 15:28 Page 28 2. Structure and Bonding – Size – Coulomb forces by charge separation (ionic bonds) – Bond forces by localized or extended orbitals (covalent bonding or metallic bonding). This all depends, of course, on the chemical nature of the components that are represented by the position in the periodic table. Thus, these three factors in combination with the atomic number factor can lead to a successful classification and grouping of the elements. 5 In the following, a short overview of the most important structures and cohesion forces behind the structure formation will be given.
6 Different lattice positions in a superstructure of 8 CsCl units. (A) Lower half of unit cell and (B) upper half of unit cell. 10 p. 203). An example is the CuZn alloy. The phase diagram of this system is shown in Figure. 7. The formula Cu(1Ϫx)Znx describes the composition. The structure of pure copper (x ϭ 0) is the face centered cubic lattice (fcc, Pearson symbol cF4). Upon an increase in the zinc concentration, a solution of zinc in copper is observed ( -phase). 38 depending on the temperature.