
By George Danezis (auth.), Roger Dingledine (eds.)
This publication constitutes the completely refereed post-proceedings of the 3rd overseas Workshop on privateness improving applied sciences, puppy 2002, held in Dresden, Germany in March 2003.
The 14 revised complete papers provided have been conscientiously chosen from fifty two submissions in the course of rounds of reviewing and development. one of the themes addressed are mix-networks, generalized mixes, unlinkability, site visitors research prevention, face attractiveness, privateness laws, internet censorship, nameless networking, custom-made Web-based platforms, and privateness in corporations.
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Additional resources for Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Third International Workshop, PET 2003, Dresden, Germany, March 26-28, 2003. Revised Papers
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Let 2 < k ≤ n. The degree of (i1 , . . , ik )-unlinkability d(i1 , . . , ik ) describing the unlinkability of k items ai1 , . . , aik ∈ A a system provides is d(i1 , . . , ik ) := H(i1 , . . ,aik } ) = (∼r(A) ) . Obviously it holds 0 ≤ d(i1, . , ik ) ≤ 1 and the minimum/maximum is reached if d(i1 , . . ,aik } ) = (∼r(A) ) = 1, Modelling Unlinkability d(i1 , . . ,aik } ) = (∼r(A) ) = 41 1 |Ik | For someone with full knowledge of the system, the set A is split in its equivalence classes uniquely, so is every {ai1 , .
And this can be repeated till l = 1 where it will not be fulfilled. – If no summand is > 0 all have to equal 0. ⇒ All |Av | have to equal n−1 2 and this is impossible. ⇒ There exists no equivalence relation on arbitrary sets A with |A| > 1 that guarantees d(i, j) = 1 ∀i, j ∈ {1, n}. ’ [12]. The formalisation of this notion of anonymity was given in [9,17] and extended in section 2 to arbitrary actions. This definition is indicated in [12] by anonymity of an item as ‘it is not related to any identifier, and the anonymity of an identifier as not being related to any item of interest’.
In this paper we try to formalise the notion of unlinkability, give a refinement of anonymity definitions based on this formalisation and show the impact of unlinkability on anonymity. We choose information theory as a method to describe unlinkability because it allows an easy probabilistic description. As an illustration for our formalisation we describe its meaning for communication systems. 1 Introduction Every human being sometimes has the desire to act anonymously. Outreach clinics and doctors are visited by many human beings but in some cases visitors do not want others to get to know about their visit.