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By Anne O’Brien (auth.)
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The group that worried her most were the ‘do-nothings’. Showing a perilous combination of prettiness and laziness, they wanted to avoid the hard work of domestic service, so they denied having had experience as servants at home and exaggerated their education. Attracted by the promise of finery and luxuries, they were, in Chisholm’s view, highly vulnerable to being ‘kept’. It was not just their laziness that irritated Chisholm, but its alliance with class pretension.
Now 36 The Democratic Moment 37 colonial philanthropists pressured government in new ways: to provide fairer access to land, better organise immigration, stop the sale of grog and stop the killing of Indigenous people. The belief in social reform did not lessen the older commitment to moral reform – they were two sides of the same coin. The agitation to reform the English poor law in the early 1830s gave renewed impetus to fears of the morally degenerative influences of ‘pauperism’ and it was supported by the liberal commitment to individual responsibility.
Wherever settlement spread out from Sydney and Hobart in the 1810s and 1820s violence followed. Organised philanthropy was part of the response. Schools, missions, blankets, rations and conciliatory expeditions were attempts at peace-keeping that would strengthen settlers’ hold on the land and contain bloodshed. The uncomfortable realisation that their presence was resulting in death and destruction led governors seeking revenue for these measures to emphasise the debt of reparation Aboriginal people were owed.