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Additional info for Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data (Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities)
Example text
161. Product innovations in services can include significant improvements in how they are provided (for example, in terms of their efficiency or speed), the addition of new functions or characteristics to existing services, or the introduction of entirely new services. Examples are significant improvements in Internet banking services, such as greatly improved speed and ease of use, or the addition of home pick-up and drop-off services that improve customer access for rental cars. Providing on-site rather than remote management contact points for outsourced services is an example of an improvement in service quality.
Some sectors are characterised by rapid change and radical innovations, others by smaller, incremental changes. 107. In high-technology sectors, R&D plays a central role in innovation activities, while other sectors rely to a greater degree on the adoption of knowledge and technology. g. whether mainly incremental or radical innovations) also place different demands on the organisational structure of firms, and institutional factors such as regulations and intellectual property rights can vary greatly in their role and importance.
Firms can also increase demand through product differentiation, by targeting new markets and by influencing demand for existing products. Changes in organisational methods can improve the efficiency and quality of their operations, thereby increasing demand or reducing costs. 79. Innovation can also improve performance by increasing the firm’s ability to innovate. For example, improving the capabilities of production processes can make it possible to develop a new range of products, and new organisational practices can improve the firm’s ability to gain and create new knowledge that can be used to develop other innovations.