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Dry completion means that the well is onshore or on the topside structure on an offshore installation. Subsea wellheads are located under water on a special sea bed template. The wellhead has equipment mounted at the opening of the well to regulate and monitor the extraction of hydrocarbons from the underground formation. This also prevents oil or natural gas leaking out of the well, and prevents blow-outs due to high pressure formations. Formations that are under high pressure typically require wellheads that can withstand a great deal of upward pressure from the escaping gases and liquids.
On top of it is a tree adapter and cap that will mate with a range of equipment. The variable flow choke valve. The variable flow choke valve is typically a large needle valve. Its calibrated opening is adjustable in 1/64 inch increments (called beans). High-quality steel is used in order to withstand the high-speed flow of abrasive materials that pass through the choke, usually over many years, with little damage except to the dart or seat. If a variable choke is not required, a less expensive positive choke is normally installed on smaller wells.
Axial rotor photo: Dresser Rand 49 • Larger oil and gas installations use centrifugal compressors with 310 radial wheels, 6000–20000 rpm (highest for small size), up to 80 MW load at discharge pressure of up to 50 bars and inlet volumes of up to 3 500,000 m /hour. Pressure differential up to 10. Photo: Dresser Rand Most compressors will not cover the full pressure range efficiently. The lowest pressure is atmospheric, for gas to pipeline, some 3 to 5 MPa (30-50 bar) pressure is used, while reservoir reinjection of gas will typically require 20 MPa (200 bar) and upwards since there is no liquid in the tubing and the full reservoir pressure must be overcome.