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By I T Platzner (Itzhak Thomas); K Habfast; A J Walder; A Goetz
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Extra info for Modern isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Sample text
12 as a simplified example for a dual jump double collector measurement of the 8 7 Sr/ 8 6 Sr ratio with the 8 6 Sr/ 8 8 Sr ratio as internal standard ratio. Two ratios (masses mi and m2) rx=F— and r2 = F— '87 ^ = 7^- '88 \ (18) J2K2/ are measured one after the other in a dual collector, f\ and f2 being the respective cup efficiencies and Rl? R2 the measuring resistors for the cups. This method assumes that no Rb is left in the sample. Owing to fractionation, we have the observed ratio ro of two ion currents (i'i, i2) in general h h2 - = robs = 7 r ii nx 7 = (19) h\ and h2 being the isotopic abundances in the sample at any time.
G. 6), depending on the carrier gas flow of the different preparation systems which are connected on-line to the mass spectrometer via the open split device. Needless to say, there exist several 52 ADVANCED ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY I design variants of the described principle from different manufacturers. There also exist differences in the design of the open split as used for BSIA or CSIA. They are described in the following section. 6 SAMPLE PREPARATION DEVICES This section deals with the conversion of samples from their original physical/ chemical state in nature into a form measurable by a mass spectrometer [102— 164].
1 ps is to be detected as another pulse, the cup's capacity must be discharged within this short period. This would be done by a resistor of ~ 104 il. An electronic pulse counter requires at least 100 mV to be triggered. Hence, single ion pulses at the collector must be amplified 106 to 107fold before they can be counted. Suitable electronic amplifiers for this purpose are not available. A bandwidth of at least 10 MHz would be needed. Hence the noise at the output (which equals amplification x input resistor noise) would reach several volts, and a single ion's pulse would not be detectable within this noise.