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Watt, W. Montgomery. Art. ’’ The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, ed. H. Gibb et al. Leiden and London, 1960. Vol. 1, 109–11. ABU HANIFA AL-NU‘MAN Abu Hanifa al-Nu‘man b. Thabit b. Zuta, theologian and jurist, is the eponymous founder of the Hanafi legal school. He was born in Kufa circa AH 80/699 CE and died in 150/767 in a prison in Baghdad at the age of 70. His grandfather Zuta is said to have been brought over from Kabul to Kufa, where he settled after being set free. There are not many details available about Abu Hanifa’s life in Kufa.
Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar’s Reign. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1975. ABU NUWAS Abu Nuwas Abu ‘Ali al-Hasan ibn Hani’ al-Hakami (d. ca. 814) was one of the major Arabic poets of the ‘Abbasid age. He is known for his poems about wine, love, and unbridled debauchery, but he was also the foremost representative of the ‘‘modern’’ (muhdath) poetry that developed during the late eighth century.
They are unconventional as compared with the poetic form that is usually found in the odes of this time, because they contain many a thought on religion, death, destiny, the sinful world, the afterlife, resurrection (the question of whether it really shall occur), and the fate of ABU ’L-’ALA’ AHMAD IBN ABD ALLAH, AL-MA’ARRI slaughtered animals and their compensation in the afterlife. Ma’arri’s prose is not only found in his short, flowery-styled letters but also in at least two very extensive Epistles (Risaˆlas).