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By Geoff Simons (auth.)
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Extra info for Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam
Example text
The Kurds were now claiming to hold about one tenth of the land area of Iraq, including the region of Kirkuk, Sulaimaniya, Arbil, Dahuk and parts of Mosul. In Baghdad the regime was re-establishing control and in the south the Shia rebels were coming under increasing pressure. The United States gave every sign of political uncertainty. The Bush administration had refused to talk to the opposition groups, a policy that was coming under increasing criticism. Thus Laurie Millroy, from the Washington Institute on Near East Policy, commented that the US government was 'paying the price for an inexplicable failure to talk to the Iraqi opposition .
The text referred to the 'definitive end to the hostilities' but it was assumed that the allies would resume military activities if the Iraqis broke the terms of the ceasefire. The resolution noted that the earlier provisions authorising the use of force 'remain valid'. All member states and specialised UN agencies were called upon to assist the reconstruction of Kuwait, but the US resisted an Indian appeal for the embargo on food, water and fuel to Iraq to be lifted. It was clear that Washington wanted the war on the Iraqi people to be continued by other means.
And UN officials estimated that nearly five million children in the Middle East would spend their formative years in deprived circumstances as a result of the Gulf crisis. ' On 3 September 1992 Britain ruled out any easing of sanctions on Iraq, instead warning Iraq against any attempt to interfere with the aerial exclusion zone over southern Iraq (see below). A few weeks later, the Harvard research team published their estimate that 46,900 children under the age of five died in Iraq between January and August 1991 as an indirect result of the bombing, the civilian uprisings and the UN economic embargo.