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By G. Jack Lipovski
This booklet is a complete, introductory text/reference for electric and computerengineers and scholars with little event with a high-level programming language. It systematically teaches the programming of a microcontroller in meeting language, in addition to C and C++. This books additionally covers the foundations of fine programming perform via top-down layout and using info constructions. it truly is compatible as an introductorytext for a primary direction on microcomputers that demonstrates what a small computing device cando. ?· exhibits how a working laptop or computer executes instructions;?· indicates how a high-level programming language converts to assembler language;?· indicates how a microcontroller is interfaced to the skin world;?· hundreds and hundreds of examples, experiments, "brain-teasers" and motivators;?· greater than 20 workouts on the finish of every chapter;?·Complete options handbook to be had for Instructors;?· CD comprises instance code from booklet in addition to the MetroWerks CodeWarrior?’ C++ compiler.
Read or Download Introduction to Microcontrollers, Second Edition: Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing for the Freescale 68HC12 (Academic Press Series in Engineering) PDF
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Extra info for Introduction to Microcontrollers, Second Edition: Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing for the Freescale 68HC12 (Academic Press Series in Engineering)
Sample text
After reading this chapter, you should be able to approach a typical instruction, to be introduced in the next two chapters, with an understanding about what the mnemonic, the machine code, and a sequence of memory reads and writes may mean for that instruction. This chapter then provides background for the discussion of instructions that we will present in the next two chapters. 1 Basic Computer Structure What is a microcomputer, and how does it execute the instructions that a programmer writes for it?
9 were equally acceptable. However, we want to discuss guidelines to writing good programs early in the book, so that you can be aware of them to know what we are expecting for answers to problems and so that you can develop a good programming style. A good program is shorter and faster and is generally clearer than a bad program that solves the same problem. Unfortunately, the fastest program is almost never the shortest or the clearest. The measure of a program has to be made on one of the qualities or on one of the qualities based on reasonable limits on the other qualities, according to the application.
In small microcomputers, a word is 1 byte, so that the terms “word” and “byte” are often used interchangeably. In this text, the 6812 can read an 8-bit or a 16-bit word, which is 2 bytes. In a 16-bit word, bits are numbered from 15 (on the left) to 0 (on the right). In the memory, each byte has an address between 0 and 2N - 1, where N is the total number of address bits. In the 6812, N is essentially 16, so each address between 0 and 65,535 is described by its 16-bit binary representation (see Appendix 1), although some 6812 versions can extend this range.