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By Christos G. Cassandras, Stephane Lafortune
Advent to Discrete occasion platforms is a complete creation to the sector of discrete occasion structures, providing a breadth of insurance that makes the fabric available to readers of assorted backgrounds. The e-book emphasizes a unified modeling framework that transcends particular software parts, linking the subsequent subject matters in a coherent demeanour: language and automata idea, supervisory keep watch over, Petri internet conception, Markov chains and queuing idea, discrete-event simulation, and concurrent estimation thoughts. This variation comprises contemporary study effects referring to the prognosis of discrete occasion structures, decentralized supervisory keep watch over, and interval-based timed automata and hybrid automata types.
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Extra info for Introduction to Discrete Event Systems, Second Edition
Example text
Much of our effort in subsequent chapters will be devoted to determining “state equations” for DES, in an attempt to parallel the model x(t) ˙ = f (x(t), u(t), t) for CVDS. In some cases, we also encounter systems with all the CVDS features, except for some discrete events that occasionally cause jumps in their sample paths. These events correspond to switches from one mode of operation (state equation) to another. Such systems are sometimes referred to as Hybrid Systems. Remark. One should not confuse discrete event systems with discrete-time systems.
15 leads to one more system classification. 17: Open-loop and closed-loop systems. is referred to as an open-loop system. On the other hand, a system with a control input of the form u(t) = γ(r(t), x(t), t) is referred to as a closed-loop system. The distinction between these two forms of control is fundamental. In open-loop control, the input remains fixed regardless of the effect (good or bad) that it has on the observed output. In closedloop control, the input depends on the effect it causes on the output.
For instance, an external user request or a timeout message may take place as a result of specific events, but completely independent of the computer clock. 12 is a time-driven system. Given a clock, we can imagine that with every clock tick there is a single “player” who moves the particle, that is, the player selects an event from the set E. However, there is an alternative view of the random walk, which comes from modifying the rules controlling the particle movements. Suppose there are four different players, each one responsible for moving the particle in a single direction (N, S, W, or E).