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By Etienne Burdet
This e-book proposes a transdisciplinary method of investigating human motor keep an eye on that synthesizes musculoskeletal biomechanics and neural regulate. The authors argue that this built-in process -- which makes use of the framework of robotics to appreciate sensorimotor regulate difficulties -- bargains a extra whole and exact description than both a merely neural computational process or a merely biomechanical one.
The authors supply an account of motor keep an eye on during which explanatory types are in response to experimental facts utilizing mathematical techniques similar to physics. those computational versions yield algorithms for motor regulate that could be used as instruments to enquire or deal with illnesses of the sensorimotor approach and to lead the improvement of algorithms and that may be included into items designed to help with the initiatives of day-by-day residing.
The authors specialize in the insights their method bargains in figuring out how circulation of the arm is managed and the way the regulate adapts to altering environments. The ebook starts with muscle mechanics and keep an eye on, progresses in a logical demeanour to making plans and behaviour, and describes purposes in neurorehabilitation and robotics. the fabric is self-contained, and available to researchers and pros in more than a few fields, together with psychology, kinesiology, neurology, computing device technology, and robotics.
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Extra info for Human Robotics: Neuromechanics and Motor Control
Sample text
Myosin exists in a number of isoenzymic forms that differ in their rates of splitting ATP. These different isoenzymes are important in determining the maximum shortening velocity of a sarcomere. The amount of force that a sarcomere can produce depends on a number of factors, of which sarcomere length, rate of change of length, and recent mechanical and activation history are arguably the most critical. The classical textbook picture of the dependence of sarcomere force on length is one in which the force is proportional to the amount of overlap between thick and thin filaments (Gordon, Huxley & Julian, 1966).
If the in-series force applied to the Golgi tendon organ is sustained, afferent firing will be maintained. Golgi tendon organs have relatively low sensitivity to tension generated by passive stretching of the tendon but are highly sensitive to forces generated by active contraction of inseries muscle fibers. Because the tendon is relatively stiff in comparison to the stiffness of passive muscle, the sensitivity to force produced by stretch of a passive muscle will be less than that produced by stretch of an active muscle.
Sarcomere viscosity is highest around zero velocity and lowest at high lengthening and shortening velocities where there is little change in force. Like stiffness, damping depends on the number of attached cross-bridges; that is, the amount of elastic energy that can be dissipated increases with the number of attached cross-bridges. 3 Control of Muscle Force The formation of cross-bridges is largely regulated by tropomyosin and troponin molecules associated with actin filaments (Gordon, Homsher & Regnier, 2000).