
By David Kavanamur, Charles Yala, Quinton Clements
Read Online or Download Building a Nation in Papua New Guinea: Views of the Post-Independence Generation PDF
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Extra resources for Building a Nation in Papua New Guinea: Views of the Post-Independence Generation
Example text
This led many to argue that ‘if the years between 1968 and 1974 produced all the excited energy of the birth of a literature, perhaps the recent silence is the stunned realization that the infant is a bastard’ (Mcgaw, 1984: 9). This is a veneer proposition. The ‘infant’ is not a bastard at all. The crux of the matter is that the creative impulse of indigenous writers lacks sustainability and independence. Indeed, sustainability not only means the continued and constant engagement and flow of creativity but also corporate and government patronage and support of the arts.
Besides the contribution of these individuals, various groups have also contributed to the task. Groups such as the Freedom House, the Inter-Parliamentary Council and International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) have been prominent in offering their own methods of measurement on specific principles of democracy. Even the measurement of democracy has become more practical and oriented towards policy-making. This has come about as part of the calls by governments in western democracies in their efforts to bring about good government (Beetham 1999).
They are parliamentary factions whose electoral machines spring into action only during election years. All the parties in the current parliament are parliamentary factions with the exception of a few. A few parties have been merely stitched together on the floor of parliament such as the PDM, the People’s National Congress and the National Alliance. Of all parties, the Pangu has been the main victim as its membership has dwindled since the 1980s due to poaching and splinter factions. The electoral votes that parties acquired since the 1977 election has declined over time.