By Richard Pashley, Marilyn Karaman
Utilized Colloid and floor Chemistry is a huge advent to this interdisciplinary box. Taking a certainly utilized process, with purposes drawn from quite a lot of industries, this booklet will meet the calls for of the coed at present operating within the field.The textual content contains keynote sections written by way of training business learn scientists, bringing to the reader a wealth of actual business examples. those examples variety from water remedy via to soil administration in addition to examples taken from the coatings and photographic industries. to help accessibility, a number of the extra challenging mathematical derivations are separated from the most textual content, allowing them to be refrained from as required.With rigorously established chapters, beginning with studying ambitions, and containing educational questions with solutions and explanatory notes, this article is worthy for undergraduates taking a primary path on colloid and floor chemistry. This booklet can also be compatible to postgraduates and pros, who desire an up to date account of the topic.
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Additional resources for Applied Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Example text
This process depends on the Laplace pressure retaining vapour in the Teflon pores, to allow water to be drawn through them as vapour, into a concentrated salt solution on the other side of the membrane. 9, as long as the water contact angle remains high, say at around 110°, the pressure required to push water into the pores is greater than the hydrostatic pressure used in the operation and the juice can be successfully concentrated. Unfortunately, this process is very sensitive to the presence of surface-active ingredients in the juice, which can reduce the contact angle, allowing the pores to become filled with water and the juice become contaminated with salt.
12). 13 for both concave (negative-radius) and convex (positive-radius) menisci. Another common method used to measure the surface tension of liquids is called the ‘Wilhelmy plate’. 11 Capillary condensation of water vapour into a crack. 12 Diagram of a sessile droplet. 13 Graph of relative vapour pressure against radius of the corresponding equilibrium meniscus. 14 Diagram of the Wilhelmy plate method for measuring the surface tension of liquids. tension) associated with a meniscus surface to measure the surface energy rather than using the Laplace pressure equation.
Use the values of both qA and qR, as well as the average, to produce several Zisman plots. Experimental details Contact angle measurement The contact angles can be measured by observing the TPL through a microscope that has a rotating eyepiece and cross-hairs. The eyepiece is used to measure the angle of the cross-hairs on a protractor scale. By tilting the microscope slightly the reflected image of the liquid droplet can also be observed and the double-angle (2q) can be measured, which increases the accuracy.