Adventures of the Dialectic by Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Joseph J. Bien

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By Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Joseph J. Bien

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Thus he holds both ends of the chain. Thus he makes truth work together with decision, knowledge with struggle. l1 Is this better than a compromise? Has he succeeded in uniting, except in his own person, the meanings of force and freedom? Is there any other way of satisfying them both except through alternation? When he wished to found a political party on these bases, Weber was so easily expelled and returned so quickly to his studies that it was thought that he did not adhere to these ideas too strongly, that he felt there was an insurmountable obstacle in them, and that a party which did not play according to the rules of the game would be a utopia.

Is our image of the past preceded only by sequences of events, which form neither a system nor even perspectives and whose truth is held in abeyance? Is it perhaps a definition of history to exist fully only through that which comes after, to be in this sense suspended into the future? If this is true, the historian's intervention is not a defect of historical understanding. That facts interest the historian, that they speak to the man of culture, that they may be taken up again in his own intentions as a historical subject-all this threatens historical knowledge with subjectivity but also promises it a superior objectivity, if only one succeeds in distinguishing between "comprehension" and arbitrariness and in determining the close relationship which our "metamorphoses" violate but without which they would be impossible.

Weber had glimpsed the road to follow, namely, ideal types, significations that we introduce into our representation of the past that would cut us from it only if they were arbitrary. But they themselves are part of history: history as a science, with its methods and its idealizations, is an aspect of history as reality, of the capitalistic rationalization. Our ideas, our significations, precisely because they are relative to our time, have an intrinsic truth that they will teach to us if we succeed in placing them in their proper context, in understanding them rather than merely suffering them.

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