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By Christopher P. Holstege, Matthew P. Borloz, John P. Benner NREMT-P, David T. Lawrence DO, Nathan P. Charlton MD
Written basically for 3rd and fourth yr scientific scholars, Toxicology keep in mind is an entire, concise evaluation of scientific toxicology. The publication is written within the rapid-fire question-and-answer layout of the remember sequence, with the query showing at the left aspect of the web page and the reply showing at the correct. Mnemonics and reference charts extra relief in speedy evaluate. significant sections conceal assessment of the poisoned sufferer, medicines, medications of abuse, environmental and commercial pollutants, heavy metals, insecticides, chemical brokers of terrorism, typical pollutants, treatments, and visible analysis in scientific toxicology.
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Qxd 10/30/08 7:16 AM Page 24 24 Toxicology Recall 2. , bup “I”vaca “I”ne). What are the clinically relevant differences between these classes? 1. Aminoesters are metabolized by plasma cholinesterases 2. Aminoamides are metabolized by the liver What are the half-lives of some local anesthetics? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are the signs and symptoms of toxicity? 1. Local effects – prolonged anesthesia 2. Systemic – acute toxicity during infusion or infiltration results in AMS, including confusion and disorientation which may progress to seizures.
Competitive antagonism of ACh at muscarinic cholinergic receptors; nicotinic cholinergic receptors (neuromuscular junction) remain unaffected. What part(s) of the body is/are most affected by anticholinergic drugs? qxd 10/30/08 7:16 AM Page 31 Chapter 2 / Medications 31 What is the typical clinical presentation of the anticholinergic toxidrome? Warm, dry, and flushed skin; dry mucous membranes; hyperthermia; tachycardia; mydriasis; cycloplegia; delirium; ileus; urinary retention What are the key aspects to differentiate this from the sympathomimetic toxidrome?
How does acute and chronic chloramphenicol toxicity present? 1. Acute – nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, abdominal distention, cardiovascular collapse 2. Chronic – bone marrow suppression, “gray baby syndrome” What is “gray baby syndrome”? Associated with chloramphenicol use in neonates and toddlers and includes vomiting, abdominal distention, cyanosis, irregular respirations, metabolic acidosis, hypothermia, flaccidity, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse. Rarely seen prior to the second day of therapy.