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By Robert Oerter
For fanatics of Brian Greene and Stephen Hawking, a consultant to an important concept in sleek physics, in a journey de strength of technology writing
There are medical theories that, taken jointly, clarify the complete universe. the 1st, which describes the strength of gravity, is well known: Einstein’s common concept of Relativity. however the idea that explains every little thing else—the common version of simple Particles—is nearly unknown one of the basic public.
In The conception of virtually Everything, Robert Oerter indicates how what have been as soon as idea to be separate forces of nature have been mixed right into a unmarried thought through probably the most tremendous minds of the 20 th century. wealthy with obtainable analogies and lucid prose, The thought of nearly Everything celebrates a heretofore unsung success in human knowledge—and unearths the elegant constitution that underlies the realm as we all know it.
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Extra resources for The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics
Example text
Symmetry need not be perfect, it must not be perfect, to achieve beauty. 23 A tree, for example, displays many kinds of symmetry, not all of them obvious at first glance. Draw an imaginary vertical line through the center of the tree and you split it into two halves, each of which is a mirror image of the other, albeit an imperfect one. Symmetry of another kind can be found in the branching structure of the tree limbs. This structure is repeated for smaller branches, then for twigs, creating a kind of symmetry of scale.
An atom composed of neutrons, protons, and electrons was of course no longer uncuttable, but by that time the term atom was firmly established—it was too late to change. The most basic constituents of matter, those bits that could not be decomposed in any way, came to be called elementary (or fundamental) particles. How does the atomic hypothesis allow thermodynamics to be reduced to dynamics? Take as an example the ideal gas law. Physicists experimenting with gases in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries discovered that as a gas was heated, the pressure it exerted on its container increased in direct proportion to the temperature.
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz set out to look for such things. He charged two metal balls that were separated by a small space. When the charge got high enough, a spark would jump across the space, carrying the negative charge over to the positively charged ball. The sudden movement of charge from one ball to the other created a kink in the electric field: an electromagnetic wave, according to Maxwell. On the other side of the laboratory, he set a loop of wire that had a tiny air gap in it.