The Rapid Evaluation of Potential Fields in Particle Systems by Leslie F. Greengard

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By Leslie F. Greengard

The speedy review of capability Fields in Particle platforms offers a gaggle of algorithms for the computation of the capability and strength fields in large-scale structures of debris which are prone to revolutionize a complete classification of laptop functions in technology and engineering. in lots of components of medical computing, from learning the evolution of galaxies, to simulating the habit of plasmas and fluids, to modeling chemical structures, a numerical scheme is used to stick with the trajectories of a set of debris relocating according to Newton's moment legislation of movement in a box generated through the complete ensemble. Extending the sooner paintings of Rokhlin, Greengard has built basic, numerically sturdy tools for comparing all pairwise interactions in linear time, a superb development over the quadratic time required by way of the naive strategy, and a lot better than the other proposed replacement. The "Rokhlin-Greengard" set of rules grants to make formerly prohibitive simulations possible, with speedups of 3 to 4 orders of importance in a approach of 1000000 debris. in addition, the set of rules is well-suited for vector and parallel machines, and will make complete use in their functions. the writer offers his paintings with nice readability, and demonstrates the prevalence of his tools either through mathematical research and via the result of numerical experiments. 1987 ACM amazing Dissertation

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1, namely that if the locations of the charge (Q) and the evaluation point (P) were interchanged, then the field at P would still be described by ~. In this case, so long as r < p, we may write 1 -r' = 1 ev. 11) is valid only in the open sphere centered at the origin with radius p, and we will refer to such a description of the potential field as a local expansion. We turn now to an examination of the coefficients Pn (u). 2 Legendre polynomials The development of the field of a charge as a series is one of the many alternative ways of defining the Legendre polynomials, and is useful for studying some of their properties.

K} are located at the points {Qi = (Pi, Cli, f3i), i = 1," ',k}, and that {Pi = (rj,(Ji,tPi), i = 1, . . 2). We say that the sets {Qd and {Pi} are well- separated if there exist points Po, Qo E R3 and a real number a > 0 such that lIQi - Qoll < IlPi - PoII < II Qo - Poll > a for i = 1, ,k , a for j = 1, , n, and 3a. In order to obtain the potential at each of the points Pi due to the charges at Chapter 3. Potential Fields in Three Dimensions 56 t he points Q, dire ctly. we could compute k L 1, ...

In the subdivision Sb, b is not childless and ut is empty. 4. Each box c in Ub is in th e List 1 of at lea st o n e child of D. 5. The number of boxes of U. t hat are in t he List l 's of two child ren of b is bou nded by 8. It immediately follows from observat ions (1) • (5) above , t hat L pECS t N (Up) - L N (U. 71) we ob t ain L N (Up ):O:; 11 . N(Gs ,). 72) pE Gs,. 6 . ) :0:; 32· N(Fs ). 73) hEFs Proof: Con sider an arbitrary subdivision S of the com put ational cell, a box c E Fs and its pa rent box b.

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