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By Denis Lejeune
To many, likelihood and artwork are hostile phrases. yet a few twentieth century artists have became this thought on its head via trying to create works of art in response to randomness. between these, 3 particularly articulated a well-argued and thorough concept of the novel use of probability in artwork: André Breton (writer), John Cage (composer) and François Morellet (visual artist). the results of the sort of flow clear of proven aesthetics are far-reaching, as a lot in conceptual as in functional phrases, as this ebook hopes to clarify. Of paramount significance during this coincidentia oppositorum is the advised risk of a correlation among the creative use of probability and a process of proposal itself organised round probability. certainly putting randomness on the centre of one's artwork can have deeper philosophical results than simply at the aesthetical point.
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19. 36 Both quotations from Rosset, Le Monde, p. 19. 32 The Philosophy of Clément Rosset 57 The implication of this status for a rational being such as man is the confirmation that reality cannot be understood. It cannot be grasped, and as a result mankind is unable to comprehend it. However, the fact that we have no way of getting hold of reality is not due to a particular failure of our species, nor of the intellect. As it belongs outside the realm of logos, which is precisely the medium man uses for thinking, and as it originates in chance, reality is devoid of meaning.
34. 26 Cournot, Essai, p. 34. Original emphases. 27 Bertrand Saint-Sernin, Cournot (Paris: Vrin, 1998), p. 97. 25 The Tribulations of Chance within Philosophical Thought 41 causality): to the Frenchman, the concept appears on a footing equal to any Deterministic cause as regards the way the world and reality function. This new approach to Determinism is particularly reflected in his cosmogony, divided in three periods. 29 The salient point of this chain of events is that its origin is itself random; in other words, the emergence of stability, which differentiates phase 1 from phase 2, is not a causal one, since causality does not exist in chaos.
However, the first quality, because it describes reality as something that cannot be avoided once it has happened, and that therefore cannot and should not be overlooked, is an essential characteristic of the ‘donné’. This importance will be made especially obvious in the discussion of Rosset’s analysis of duplication, presented below. The necessity of reality is fundamental to the issue of identity, which as indicated above is central to the philosopher’s distinction between Artificialism and Naturalism.