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Quantity four of The Oxford background of historic Writing deals essays via best students at the writing of historical past globally from 1800 to 1945. Divided into 4 components, it first covers the increase, consolidation, and quandary of ecu historic idea, and the professionalization and institutionalization of historical past. The chapters partly II study how old scholarship hooked up to varied ecu nationwide traditions. half III considers the old writing of Europe's 'Offspring': the U.S., Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Brazil, and Spanish South the US. The concluding half is dedicated to histories of non-European cultural traditions: China, Japan, India, South East Asia, Turkey, the Arab global, and Sub-Saharan Africa. this is often the fourth of 5 volumes in a sequence that explores representations of the prior from the start of writing to the current day, and from around the globe. This quantity goals instantaneously to supply an authoritative survey of the sector, and particularly to impress cross-cultural comparisons.
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Additional resources for The Oxford History of Historical Writing, Volume 4: 1800-1945
Example text
Against such universalism the Romantics pitted the idea of the specificity and uniqueness of national identities, and they defined the task of history as tracing those authentic and special national trajectories through time to a dim and distant past. European history thus became the history of national special paths—an idea which was to have major significance for the framing of national history throughout the modern period and up to this very day. History constructed national traditions which in turn justified existing nation-states and called for the creation of non-existent ones.
An understanding of the past was necessary in order to be able to forge the future. History’s close relationship to identity found expression in the widespread belief that one could not answer the questions of who one was or where one was going without first establishing who one had been in the past. Romantic national historians took their cue from Herder, but also from Johan Gottlieb Fichte, who sacralized the nation as the moral collective connecting the generations through the ages. Writing against the Napoleonic claims of French universalism, he followed Herder in emphasizing the ethnic and cultural particularity of nations, but went further than Herder in arguing that those who had maintained those particularities most purely were the best nations.
Many nineteenth-century writers drew on existing sources—chronicles, annals, various literary forms, as well as oral history—to compose descriptive narratives 12 The Oxford History of Historical Writing that would guide trade, missionary effort, and colonial administration. While these works varied in their treatments of the pre-colonial past and appraisal of the civilizations that they described, they carried an insistent message of transformation. The sifting of reliable information from myth was intended to yield a narrative sequence of events using a secular understanding of time and a linear concept of progress.