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By Jan Assmann
The brain of Egypt offers an account of the mainsprings of Egyptian civilization - the beliefs, values, mentalities, trust platforms and aspirations that formed the 1st territorial nation in human background. Drawing on quite a number literary, iconographic and archaeological resources, Jan Assmann reconstructs an international of exceptional complexity, a tradition that, lengthy earlier than others, possessed a unprecedented measure of expertise and self-reflection.
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Additional info for The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs
Example text
We would not know how this civilization saw itself, how it set itself off from its neighbors, what central values it cherished, what social and religious norms it developed; nor would we know in what ways Egypt related to its own past and developed a historical awareness, how it saw the relation between gods and humans, what role it attributed to the gods in the history and destiny of humans, or what responsibility it felt humans had to the gods. The fact that we can pose such questions with some hope of finding fairly well-substantiated answers is due to sources that we customarily group under the heading of "literature" -all of which are later than the Old Kingdom.
We would have hundreds of biographical tomb inscriptions in which officials list their offices and honors, their services to the state, and their attitudes to the basic ethical norms of their society. So we could not say that the mute traces of this civilization would be more enigmatic than revealing, facing us with all but inscrutable mysteries. If there were no Middle or New Kingdom, we would not know significantly less about the Old Kingdom than we do now. But what we would not have is the self-reflective dimension of Egyptian civilization.
He notes that the Egyptians regarded their ancient and venerable prayer texts as "sacred asylums" and brooked no change to them. The magic power of the texts to conjure the sacred through the act of recitation takes precedence over their meaning or normative authority. Every performance of the sacred text had to be an exact repetition of the preceding one. According to lamblichus, this imperative to repetition is due to the immutability of the gods. The sacred does not change, so the symbolic forms that make present the sacred must not change either.