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Sample text
The ‘guilty’ secessionists were purged and Arabism was to be pursued through imposition of strict socialist measures. It was not long before the military wing of the party had ousted the intellectual party founders and had consequently assumed an expanded role in politics—the answer to the third question. This definition of Syria's economic, social and political reorientation under the Ba'th was to shift dramatically its policy towards Saudi Arabia. In the name of Arabism and socialism, Syria proposed another unity scheme with Iraq and Egypt to form a 'progressive' bloc against the Arab 30 SYRIA AND SAUDI ARABIA monarchies.
In 1954, Syria returned to the pre-Shishakli multi-party political system, but this time the leftist parties—the Ba'th Party under the leadership of Michel ‘Aflaq, Salah al-Din Bitar and Akram al-Hourani and the Communist Party of Khalid Bakdash—began to challenge the monopoly of political power by the traditional upper class. In September 1954 a general election was held and the Ba'th advanced its position at the expense of the People's Party's retreat. The People’s Party had appeared to be too complacent of foreign, especially American and British, involvement in Syrian affairs.
In the next phase, the new protagonists of Syrian domestic politics emerged, at a time when the global superpowers was beginning to conspire for more explicit regional designs for Middle East defence. As a result of this introduction of the East-West dimension to the inter-Arab power struggle, Saudi Arabia gradually lost its ability to manipulate Syrian affairs. Syria a mid st t he Glob al Cold Wa r, 1954–1958 The 1952 Egyptian coup d'état was initially a genuinely domestic occurrence, but it soon triggered the rise of both Arab nationalist and communist forces in the Arab world, which, in consequence, invited East European arms sale to the region.