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By Iftikhar H. Malik (auth.)
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Additional info for State and Civil Society in Pakistan: Politics of Authority, Ideology and Ethnicity
Sample text
Other political parties in Pakistan have been similarly personality-centred or region-based. The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) is still confined to the dynastie preeminence of the Bhutto family. Despite a c1ear manifesto and personal appeal, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's party never held party elections for various offices, even when it was in power. During the elections of 1970 in the formerly united Pakistan, the PPP and Awami League had massive electoral triumphs but proved to be regional parties at the most.
In addition the tri bai agencies, created a hundred years aga purely for geo-strategic reasons and crudely corresponding to the colonial definition and 'reorganisation' of the segmentary Pushtun tri bai societies, represent another part of the NWFP, centrally administered and embodying a parallel political economy. In 1901 Lord Curzon, before partitioning Bengal, experimented on the formation of the NWFP - initially as a division under a chief commissioner and then as a province under a Iieutenant-governor.
A veteran Leaguer from Bengal and, until independence, the chief minister of British Bengal, he found, on repatriation to his newly adopted country (Pakistan), that his seat in the constituent assembly had been revoked and that the membership of thousands of League workers had been suspended. Although he was a well-known attorney, he was not allowed to practice in any major city in Pakistan and eventually went to Sahiwal, a small town in Dilemma 31 the Punjab, to continue his law practice. 58 Chaudhary Rahmat AIi, who had coined the name 'Pakistan' during his days in Cambridge in the 1930s, left Pakistan heartbroken as the state set intelligence agencies after hirn.