Plasma processing for VLSI by Norman G Einspruch; Dale M Brown

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By Norman G Einspruch; Dale M Brown

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Radio frequency diode deposition affords lower and therefore more con­ trolled deposition rate for such minor constituents while providing the advantages of substrate bias through a power-splitting network in the rf source. , gate oxide. However, it has been demonstrated [5] that initiation of the deposition in the dc magnetron mode, followed by initiation of the rf diode deposition after about 200 À of pure aluminum have been deposited, yields films that exhibit no detectable damage after 450°C annealing in an N2 ambient.

5 MHz and 200//m total pressure were used. 7. Deposition Chemistry Pure WF6 is unsuitable as a source gas for PECVD of tungsten since etching is favored over deposition at substrate temperatures above —90° C [4]. These observations are consistent with indications that fluorine atoms are the primary etchant for tungsten [6]. Indeed, electron impact reactions e + WF6 ^ = ^ WF6_X + xF + e (1) should generate fluorine atoms and subfluorides of WF 6 . Unless fluorine atoms are scavenged or removed from the reaction zone, tungsten etching occurs.

The mechanism(s) responsible for these stress transitions is (are) unclear at the present time. However, strong arguments for a high correlation between such stress change and changes in crystalline phase have been presented by Glang et al [38], Petroff et al [47], and this author [44]. Additionally, Thornton and Hoffman [40] presented a convincing argu­ ment for stress-related changes in the film-growth morphology. VIII. DIELECTRICS A. Particulates Extensive studies on the rf sputter deposition of dielectrics have been reported in the literature [48-54].

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