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By G.S. Wratt and H.C. Smith (Auth.)
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Sample text
It is now generally agreed that S. tuberosum originated in the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. These potatoes are short day types and constitute the subspecies andigena. Man subsequently introduced them to Chile and after many generations of selection long day types evolved which are now classified as subspecies tuberosum. The early introductions to Europe were most likely subspecies andigena, and as in Chile seedlings more adapted to the long day conditions of Europe were selected. However, others have argued that ssp tuberosum is derived from Chilean material imported into Europe after 1840.
M a n y desirable crosses cannot be m a d e , or are difficult to make because of sterility factors both in pollen and ovule. Most tetraploids are self-fertile with progeny tending to exhibit inbreeding depression. Diploids tend to be self-incompatible. U p till recently potato breeding has been conducted mainly at the tetraploid level with tuberosum lines. T h e criticism that the genetic base of m a n y breeding programmes was extremely narrow has been rectified over the last couple of decades by the addition of material derived from other species a n d subspecies, particularly the andigena subspecies.
Progress Populations which are able to germinate rapidly and reliably at low temperatures have been identified. Agronomically this material, mainly of Mexican and Peruvian origin, is unsuitable for direct use and steps are being taken to incorporate the genes into elite US lines. Rhizoctonia root rot causes economically significant losses in maize crops in the Waikato. Maize lines have been developed at Palmerston North combining root rot resistance from a North American line and cold tolerance from a CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre in Mexico) population.