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By Boris M. Smirnov
Meant for complex scholars of physics, chemistry and similar disciplines, this article treats the quantum concept of atoms and ions in the framework of self-consistent fields. info wanted for the research of collisions and different atomic procedures also are integrated.
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This means that the Bohr atom model was an intermediate step on the way to the creation of contemporary quantum mechanics. 7 Corroboration of the Bohr Atom Model At the first stage the Bohr model seemed to be semiempirical, and its main advantage was an ability to explain various experimental facts. But with time it was transformed into the harmonious and self-consistent theory. In addition, this model was confirmed by new experimental facts. Let us pause at some of them starting from the study of the X-ray spectra of elements.
Practically, this sum does not diverge if the electron angular momentum is not zero. 2. In the classical limit find the radiation intensity resulting from the interaction of an atomic particle with the field of another particle. 26) we have, for the intensity of radiation as a result of the interaction of an atomic particle with the field of a structureless particle, when the internal state of the radiating particle is not changed (gf 1) Ij εj >εf hω ¯ τfj εj >εf 4ω4 | j |D| f |2 3c3 4 3c3 j εj >εf d 2D f dt 2 2 , where we use the relation for matrix elements j d 2 D/dt 2 f −ω2 j |D| f .
4 A number of states of the vacuum electromagnetic field per unit of phase space is equal to dn 2 dk dr (2π )3 ω2 dω dr , π 2 c3 where k ω/c is the wave vector of the electromagnetic wave and dr is the space element. From this we have δr2 |Eω |2 dω dr . 5 Superfine Splitting and the Isotope Shift of Levels of the Hydrogen Atom 41 Since |Eω |2 dr/(4π) is the energy density for electromagnetic oscillations of a given frequency and hω/2 ¯ is the energy of zero oscillations, we have |Eω |2 dr/(4π) hω/2, ¯ and this gives δr2 dω ω 2 π c3 This integral has a logarithmic divergence.