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By Peter Brüesch, W. Bührer
The first a part of this three-volume therapy, Phonons: conception and Exper iments I, has been dedicated to the elemental options of the physics of phonons and to a learn of versions of interatomic forces. the current moment quantity, Phonons: concept and Experiments II, encompasses a thorough examine of experi psychological recommendations and the translation of experimental effects. In a 3rd quantity we will deal with a couple of phenomena that are without delay relating to lattice dynamics. the purpose of this therapy is to bridge the distance among idea and ex periment. either experimental features and theoretical ideas helpful for an interpretation of experimental information are mentioned. An try out has been made to provide the descriptive in addition to the analytical facets of the head ics. even if emphasis is put on the experimental and theoretical examine of the dynamics of atoms in solids, such a lot chapters additionally comprise a normal in troduction to the explicit topic. The textual content is addressed to experimentalists and theoreticians operating within the large box of dynamical houses of solids. it is going to additionally turn out helpful to graduate scholars beginning learn during this or similar fields. the alternative of the themes handled used to be partially made up our minds by way of the author's personal job in those components. this can be rather the case for the chapters facing infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron spectroscopy, in addition to for a few more moderen advancements akin to the optical spectroscopy of skinny motion pictures and adsorbates.
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Extra resources for Phonons: Theory and Experiments II: Experiments and Interpretation of Experimental Results
Example text
This absorption is due to a coupling of the photons with two (or more) phonons having non-vanishing wave vectors ql and q2 = -ql (Sects. 1,6 and 7). 10 shows the transmission spectra of a number of window materials used in the infrared and far-infrared. 22) Here 1r 1= R 1 / 2 is the amplitude of rand ¢ is the phase shift of the light wave caused by the reflection. 24) The dispersion relation for ¢(w) follows from the general Kramers-Kronig (KK) relations discussed in Sect. > 70 ! >.... J " 5). Until now we have discussed only ionic crystals in which the dipole moment induced by the TO phonons at q = 0 can directly couple with the electric field of the light leading to strong absorption at w = WTO' In simple covalent crystals such as silicon, germanium and diamond, however, the TO phonons do not induce an electric dipole moment and therefore no direct coupling with the light is possible. 9. This absorption is due to a coupling of the photons with two (or more) phonons having non-vanishing wave vectors ql and q2 = -ql (Sects. 50) ,MiO) is the static dipole moment of the crystal, which is usually zero except in pyroelectric or ferroelectric crystals, but in any case is of no relevance for absorption processes. The first-order dipole moment ,Mil) is linear in 35 the ionic displacements or normal coordinates and gives rise to one-phonon processes. The second-order dipole moment ~2) is quadratic in the displacements or normal coordinates and is one mechanism leading to twophonon absorption (~2) mechanism). The physical origin of ~2) will be discussed in Sect.