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By Mamata Mukhopadhyay
Synthesizing learn from a wide selection of resources, this paintings bargains a handy advisor to a fresh, secure, reasonably cheap, non-toxic, non-polluting solvent that plays larger than most normal solvents. ordinary Extracts utilizing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide studies contemporary improvement within the know-how and its functions to the nutrition, style, perfume, and pharmaceutical industries. It outlines the numerous benefits the tactic has over conventional tools like steam distillation, solvent extraction, and molecular distillation and it helps the preferred development towards using normal items in those industries.
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Additional info for Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Sample text
A striking example of the cosolvent effect was cited by Johnston et al. 13a. 13b, the solubility of sunflower oil in CO2 is enhanced at the rate 5 g/kg CO2 for each percent (by weight) ethanol addition to SC CO2 at 300 bar and 42°C. 13c. , 1992). 13a Effect of TBP as entrainer on the solubility enhancement of hydorquinone in SC CO2 (Brennecke and Eckert, 1989). 13b Solubility of sunflower oil in CO2, modified with ethanol at 42°C and 300 bar (Cocero and Calvo, 1996). fluid-phase, equilibrium behavior.
In the analysis of polymer–SCF phase equilibria, it is customary to treat polymer as a pseudo-single component and amorphous polymer that does not crystallize. 17 A–D for two classes (III and IV) of systems (McHugh and Krukonis, 1994). 16 P–T diagram for solid–fluid phase equilibria for class I and class IV systems and P–x isotherm at a selected temperature (Streett, 1983). 14 IV. The point shown here is that the critical mixture curve starting from c2 exhibits a maximum pressure and then ends up intersecting with the LLV line at the LCEP at a condition close to the critical point of the more volatile component (1).
There are two sequential approaches to the analysis of the SCF phase equilibrium behavior, namely, (1) to study the pressure effects in the proximity of the critical point on the occurrence of multiple equilibrium phases in P–T space, based on the experimental observations of different types of systems, and (2) to predict the phase equilibrium behavior for a specified condition in terms of specific interactions between the solute–solute and solute–solvent molecules. In case a cosolvent is added, the solvent–cosolvent and solute–cosolvent interactions are also included.