By Harvey Goldstein(auth.), Walter A. Shewhart, Samuel S. Wilks(eds.)
Content material:
Chapter 1 An creation to Multilevel types (pages 1–14):
Chapter 2 The 2?level version (pages 15–72):
Chapter three 3?level types and extra advanced Hierarchical constructions (pages 73–110):
Chapter four Multilevel types for Discrete reaction information (pages 111–146):
Chapter five versions for Repeated Measures info (pages 147–160):
Chapter 6 Multivariate Multilevel facts (pages 161–177):
Chapter 7 Latent general types for Multivariate info (pages 179–187):
Chapter eight Multilevel issue research, Structural Equation and combination types (pages 189–200):
Chapter nine Nonlinear Multilevel versions (pages 201–209):
Chapter 10 Multilevel Modelling in pattern Surveys (pages 211–216):
Chapter eleven Multilevel occasion historical past and Survival types (pages 217–242):
Chapter 12 Cross?Classified information buildings (pages 243–254):
Chapter thirteen a number of club types (pages 255–265):
Chapter 14 size error in Multilevel types (pages 267–284):
Chapter 15 Smoothing versions for Multilevel info (pages 285–299):
Chapter sixteen lacking facts, partly saw info and a number of Imputation (pages 301–313):
Chapter 17 Multilevel versions with Correlated Random results (pages 315–327):
Chapter 18 software program for Multilevel Modelling (pages 329–331):
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Additional info for Multilevel Statistical Models, 4th Edition
Example text
Secondly, we will be able often to obtain serial measurements of smoking, so allowing the kind of repeated measures P1: TIX/XYZ P2: ABC c01 JWST015-Goldstein August 16, 2010 8:29 Printer Name: Yet to Come AN INTRODUCTION TO MULTILEVEL MODELS 13 2-level modelling discussed earlier. This will allow us to study how changes in smoking are related to mortality, and permit a more detailed exploration of possible causal mechanisms. Multilevel models can often be used to identify units with extreme values.
The presence of such variables does not alter the estimation procedure, although results will require careful interpretation. 4) requires the estimation of two fixed coefficients, β0 , β1 , and four 2 2 2 , σu1 , σu01 and σe0 . We refer to such variances and covariances other parameters, σu0 as random parameters. We start, however, by considering the simplest 2-level model 2 2 , σe0 , namely which includes only the random parameters σu0 yij = β0 + u 0j + e0ij 2 2 var(e0ij ) = σe0 var(u 0j ) = σu0 It is termed a variance components model because the variance of the response, about the fixed component, the fixed predictor, is 2 2 + σe0 var(yij |β0 , β1 , xij ) = var(u 0 + e0ij ) = σu0 that is, the sum of a level 1 and a level 2 variance, where the level 1 and level 2 residuals are assumed to be mutually independent.
3 Covariance matrix of three students in a single school for a variance components model. procedures such as ‘ordinary least squares’ (OLS) which are used, for example, in multiple regression, are inapplicable and a later section illustrates how the application of OLS techniques can lead to incorrect inferences. 3. 3 is the (3 × 3) covariance matrix for the scores of three students in a single school, derived from the above expressions. 4. This ‘block-diagonal’ structure reflects the fact that the covariance between students in different schools is zero, and clearly extends to any number of level 2 units.