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By Richard Shorten (auth.)
Modernism and Totalitarianism evaluates a extensive variety of post-1945 scholarship. Totalitarianism, because the universal ideological trajectory of Nazism and Stalinism, is dissected as a synthesis of 3 modernist highbrow currents which ascertain its specific, inherited character.
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Extra resources for Modernism and Totalitarianism: Rethinking the Intellectual Sources of Nazism and Stalinism, 1945 to the Present
Sample text
It was scientism, so the chapter shows, that provided for the terms of historical justification in the Nazi and Stalinist projects alike. Lastly, Chapter 5 concludes the survey of the postwar debate, by considering a more recent school of thought. Anti-totalitarian thought in France was late to find sustained expression, for reasons that are discussed in the chapter. But the focus that French anti-totalitarian thought came to lay on ‘revolutionary violence’ offers a useful jumping-off point for clarifying the content of totalitarianism’s third current.
The fourth and final element is the experiment in reshaping humanity. The old order is broken; the new order will be made whole. Modern science will supply not only technology, but also the vital intellectual ingredient to Nazism’s attempt to create a ‘New Man’ – biological racism; and it is biological racism that will, once added to the mix, constitute for Koestler the most salient discontinuity with communism. 36 However, the more important point is that communism does share in the project of ‘anthropological revolution’, the aspiration to reshape the individual in mind, body, and soul,37 albeit with an alternative philosophical basis to that end.
Modern technology will provide the means for fundamentally reshaping the map of Central and Eastern Europe. 21 The discussion dwells, fourthly, on the project simultaneously being carried out in anthropology. 22 Historic victimhood now confers a privileged status. At this point, where the Nazi agent’s attempt to convert Peter slides into more introverted exposition, biological politics intervene explicitly for the first time: ‘We are turning the whole Continent into a biological laboratory’, ‘we are weeding out its streaks of bad heredity’.