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By Donald G. Robertson, John Lindon, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Elaine Holmes
Filling a niche within the literature, this reference offers complete insurance of all facets of metabonomics know-how together with analytical and biologic concerns, in addition to sections on chemometrics-devoting complete chapters to serious subject matters similar to biomarkers, metabolite identity, and using magic attitude spinning for tissue metabonomics. It comprises various examples illustrating innovations and strategies for the identity of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolites. offering crucial instruments for the toxicologist using metabonomic applied sciences, this advisor offers a transparent define of using metabonomics within the protection evaluation of latest chemical entities. OTI number 1 1963
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Magn Reson Med 1999; 41:1108–1118. 27. Cheng LL, Lean CL, Bogdanova A, Wright SC Jr, Ackerman JL, Brady TJ, Garrido L. Enhanced resolution of proton NMR spectra of malignant lymph nodes using magic-angle spinning. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36:653–658. 28. Tomlins A, Foxall PJD, Lindon JC, Lynch MJ, Spraul M, Everett J, Nicholson JK. High resolution magic angle spinning 1 H NMR analysis of intact prostatic hyperplastic and tumour tissues. Anal Commun 1998; 35:113–115. An Overview of Metabonomics 25 29.
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999. 9. Asamoto B, ed. FT-ICR=MS: Analytical Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1991. 10. Nicholson JK, Wilson ID. High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biological fluids. Prog NMR Spectrosc 1989; 21:444–501. 11. Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Everett JR. Metabonomics: metabolic processes studied by NMR spectroscopy of biofluids. Concepts Magn Reson 2000; 12:289–320. 12. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes.
2). The second type of marker includes the process of metabolic activation if relevant, and so is a composite or aggregate biomarker. It reflects the true exposure of the target site but will usually be a fraction of the absorbed dose and reflects the toxicokinetics and physicochemical characteristics of the chemical. Both types of marker take into account the processes of absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism. Therefore, individual variation in the animal is included in the measurement and can give rise to biomarkers of susceptibility.