
By H. J. Deeg M.D., D. T. Bowen M.D., S. D. Gore M.D., T. Haferlach M.D., M. M. Le Beau Ph.D., C. Niemeyer M.D. (auth.)
This booklet summarizes our present wisdom of MDS, from very uncomplicated points to the scientific administration. It offers suggestions to the analysis, an realizing of disorder mechanisms, and a dialogue of therapy strategies.
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Extra resources for Hematologic Malignancies: Myelodysplastic Syndromes
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Int J Hematol 62:203±215 Buijs A, Sherr S, van Baal S, van Bezouw S, van der Plas D, Geurts vK, Riegman P, Lekanne DR, Zwarthoff E, Hagemeijer A (1995) Translocation (12;22) (p13;q11) in myeloproliferative disorders results in fusion of the ETS-like TEL gene on 12p13 to the MN1 gene on 22q11 [erratum appears in Oncogene 1995 11:809]. Oncogene 10:1511±1519 Buonamici S, Li D, Chi Y, Zhao R, Wang X, Brace L, Ni H, Saunthararajah Y, Nucifora G (2004) EVI1 induces myelodysplastic syndrome in mice. J Clin Invest 114:713±719 Caligiuri MA, Strout MP, Schichman SA, Mrozek K, Arthur DC, Herzig GP, Baer MR, Schiffer CA, Heinonen K, Knuutila S, Nousiainen T, Ruutu T, Block AW, Schulman P, Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Croce CM, Bloomfield CD (1996) Partial tandem duplication of ALL1 as a recurrent molecular defect in acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 11.
FLT3 is a 32 Chapter 4 ´ Molecular Biology of Myelodysplasia receptor-type tyrosine kinase that is involved in proliferation and differentiation in hematopoiesis. FLT3-ITD is found in up to 20% of AML and 5% of MDS (Shih et al. 2004; Yokota et al. 1997). It is associated with a high risk of transformation to AML and poor survival. 3 AML1 The AML1 (Runx1) gene encodes a heterodimeric transcription factor that is a critical regulator of hematopoiesis. Translocations involving this gene or its binding partners present in two forms, t (8; 21) and inv(16).
These changes to histones, collectively referred to as the histone code, include lysine acetylation, lysine methylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and sumoylation. These histone modifications are recognized by specific proteins that recruit transcriptional activators and corepressors, establishing a higher order of chromatin structure (Fischle et al. 2003; Hake et al. 2004). 2 ´ Pathogenesis genes without alteration in the primary sequence. Both hypomethylation and hypermethylation of the genome have been observed in hematological malignancies.