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By Joyce LeFever Kee
With a transparent, finished technique, this quick-reference instruction manual at the simple ideas of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances, imbalances, and similar issues is a must have for all nursing scholars.
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Extra resources for Handbook of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances
Sample text
4. Pressure on veins because of swelling, constricting bandages, casts, tumor, pregnancy. I n c r e a s e d venous system can cause “back” pressure in capillaries, thus raising capillary pressure. Increased capillary pressure will force more fluid into tissue areas, thus producing edema. T Decreased plasma D e c r e a s e d colloid osmotic pressure results from diminished plasma protein concentration. Decreased protein content may cause water to flow from plasma into tissue spaces, thus causing edema.
Nursing Diagnoses ● Excess Fluid Volume, Water Intoxication, related to excessive ingestion and infusion of hypotonic fluids and solutions, and major surgical procedure causing SIADH ● Risk for Injury, related to confusion from cerebral edema secondary to ICFVE Interventions ● Monitor fluid replacement. Report if the patient is receiving ONLY 5% dextrose in water continuously without any solutes such as sodium chloride. ● Offer fluids that contain solutes to the postoperative patient. Giving only plain water and ice chips increases the hypo-osmolar state.
Monitor urine output. This is especially important postoperatively. ● Monitor vital signs and observe for behavioral changes. ● Protect the patient from injury during periods of confusion and disorientation. ● Listen to patient’s and family’s concerns. Refer unknown answers to appropriate health professionals. Evaluation/Outcomes ● Confirm that the cause of intracellular fluid volume excess (ICFVE) has been corrected or controlled. ● Remain free of signs and symptoms of ICFVE or water intoxication; vital signs return to normal ranges, headaches have been lessened or absent.