Geschichte der römischen Republik by Jochen Bleicken

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Nach der Überlieferung versuchte sie, unterstützt von dem etruskischen König von Clusium (Chiusi), Porsenna, zurückzukehren. Wenn an dem Bericht etwas Wahres sein sollte, ist der Versuch jedenfalls gescheitert. Die sakralen Befugnisse des Königs, insbesondere die heiligen Opfer an die Götter, die nach damaliger Vorstellung an den Königsnamen gebunden waren, wurden einem "Opferkönig" (rex sacrorum) genannten Priester übertragen. Den politischen Charakter der Vertreibung des letzten Königs als Beseitigung des Königtums erkennen wir deutlich noch daran, da!!

In Absetzung zur vorangegangenen Königsherrschaft, die in ihrer letzten Phase als Gewaltherrschaft (Tyrannis) bewußt war, sahen die Römer aber dann in der res publica, Republik also, die ihnen angemessene und ihnen eigene freiheitliche Verfassungsordnung (res publica libera), die durch den politischen Akt des Königssturzes, an dem alle Römer beteiligt gewesen waren, geschaffen worden war. Nach der Tradition beginnt daher die Republik mit der Vertreibung des letzten, tyrannischen Königs L. Tarquinius Superbus, an dessen Stelle künftig zwei jährlich wechselnde Konsuln treten; unter den ersten beiden Konsuln finden wir L.

Damit war ein Modell für die Aufnahme weiterer Städte in das Gebiet des römischen Stadtstaates gegeben. c. Die Zeit der Ständekämpfe Ursprung der Ständekämpfe und erster Ausgleich Patrizier und Plebejer Die innenpolitische Entwicklung Roms ist im 5. Jahrhundert durch schwere Spannungen zwischen der Bauernschaft und dem Adel gekennzeichnet. In diesen in der modernen Literatur als ,Ständekämpfe' bezeichneten inneren Unruhen steht auf der einen Seite der patrizische Adel (patricii); er tritt uns sofort als eine in sich einheitliche Gruppe gegenüber, doch hat sich seine innere Geschlossenheit tatsächlich erst in einer längeren Entwicklung herausgebildet, in der manche Familien- und Sippenoberhäupter gegenüber anderen an Einfluß 4.

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