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Professor E. U. Condon's the speculation of Atomic Spectra was once the 1st accomplished booklet at the electron constitution of atoms, and has develop into a world-renowned vintage. initially released in 1980, Atomic constitution used to be the past due Professor Condon's ultimate contribution to the literature of this box. accomplished through his colleague and previous scholar Halis Odabşi, this ebook was once one of many first built-in money owed of the topic to incorporate such advancements as team concept innovations and Racah tools.
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3. We will first analyse this experiment using conventional quantum theory and suppressing any doubts we may have about action at a distance. From this point of view, once the polarisation of the lefthand photon has been measured by the H/V polariser to be h or v, the right-hand photon is put into a state of being v or h respectively. We imagine this experiment repeated a large number (say N) times, after which we would expect about N/2 photons to have passed through each channel of the H/V polariser.
Strong attractive force between all nucleons, known as the ‘strong interaction’, which exists in addition to the electrostatic repulsion between protons. Its form is quite complex and indeed is not known precisely, so the calculations are considerably more difficult than in the atomic case. The results, however, are just as good: the calculated properties of atomic nuclei are found to be in excellent agreement with experiment. Nowadays even ‘fundamental’ particles such as the proton and neutron (but not the electron) are known to have a structure and to be composed of even more fundamental objects known as ‘quarks’.
8 The channel through which a photon will emerge is determined purely by chance. If an outgoing vertically polarised photon triggers a device to raise a flag while an outgoing horizontal photon causes a light to be switched on, then which of these two events occurs for a given incident photon is completely unpredictable and undetermined. we cannot predict which detector will record an event. But the operation of a detector is not a microscopic event; it operates on the large scale of the laboratory or of everyday events.