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By Russell McGregor
This new learn deals a well timed and compelling account of why earlier generations of Australians have obvious the north of the rustic as an empty land, and the way these perceptions of Australia’s tropical areas impression present coverage and form the self-image of the state. It considers the origins of those issues - from fears of invasion and ethical qualms approximately leaving assets mendacity idle, from apprehensions approximately white nationhood coming less than foreign censure and misgivings in regards to the typical attributes of the north - and elucidates Australians’ altering appreciations of the common environments of the north, their transferring attitudes towards race and their unsettled conceptions of Asia.
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Extra info for Environment, Race, and Nationhood in Australia: Revisiting the Empty North
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Bob Reece, “The Australasian Career of George Windsor Earl,” Journal of Northern Territory History 3 (1992): 1–23. 7. GW Earl, 1839, quoted in Libby Robin, How a Continent Created a Nation (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2007), 125. 8. GW Earl, Enterprise in Tropical Australia (London: Madden & Malcolm, 1846). 9. Jack Cross, Great Central State: The foundation of the Northern Territory (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2011). 10. J Langdon Parsons, The Sugar Industry in the Mackay District: Notes of a trip among the Mackay sugar plantations (Adelaide: Government Printer, 1883).
Pearson, National Life, 16–17. 27. 12. 28. Oswald Law & WT Gill, “A White Australia: What it means,” The Nineteenth Century and After 55, 323 (1904): 146–54. 29. R Arthur, “The Empty North,” Sunday Times, 16 January 1910, 13. 30. Walker, Anxious Nation, 98–112. ANXIETIES AROUSED 21 31. R Arthur, “Roosevelt to Australia: A Warning Note,” Queenslander, 13 January 1906, 41. 32. “The Empty North,” SMH, 22 June 1910, 8. 33. Glen McLaren & William Cooper, Distance, Drought and Dispossession: A history of the Northern Territory pastoral industry (Darwin: NTUP, 2001), 25–28, 49.
Under normal circumstances, inter-racial tensions were held in check, allowing the various groups to interact relatively peaceably and productively, but this depended on the other factor minimized in Reynolds’ account: the structuring principle of racial hierarchy. Racial harmony in these northern communities depended on racial stratification. Whites stood at the apex; certain Asians (often Japanese, sometimes Chinese) on the next rung down; other Asians such as Malays and Javanese below them; Pacific and Torres Strait Islanders on the next level down; and Aborigines at the bottom of the heap.